Tanzania’s political and socio-economic history since independence in the early 1960s. It gives highlights on important milestones and landmarks of Tanzania as a Nation such as the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Tanzania's role in the frontline states, its participation in regional integration initiatives, its policy on socialism and self reliance and its implementation of socio-economic policy reform measures are introduced in the chapter together with the implementation of poverty reduction strategies and the war against corruption as part of the overall effort to enhance good governance in the country.